Jackson County Historical Society
1859 Jail, Marshal's Home & Museum
217 North Main Street,
Independence, Missouri 816-252-1892
In 1859, construction was completed on the new Jackson County Jail and Marshal’s Home. As the twelve new limestone jail cells were opened hostilities between free state and pro-slavery forces were reaching a boiling point in the area. In 1854, Congress had passed
the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which opened the Kansas Territory to
settlement. The act provided for
popular sovereignty in determining the issue of slavery. The result of this act was violent
guerilla fighting which terrorized local populations on both sides of the
Missouri and Kansas lines as abolitionists poured into the Kansas Territory. In Jackson County, the Battles
of Independence and Lone Jack in 1862 ended in Confederate victories. The state of Missouri was held in the
union by military force even though the elected Governor and legislators had
voted to secede from the Union. In
Jackson County old grudges erupted between families and neighbor turned
against neighbor. Women and children
were arrested and placed in the 1859 Jail now under the command of the Union
Provost Marshals nicknamed the “Little Gods” for the power they had over the
population. When the Jail overflowed with the residents of Jackson County,
other buildings were used as jails.
One of those buildings collapsed and several young girls were
killed. Historians believe that this
action resulted in the raid on Lawrence, Kansas in 1863. The raid resulted in the infamous Order No. 11 being issued which depopulated Jackson County as well as other counties along the Kansas-Missouri border. The enforcement of this order resulted in terrible hardships for the residents, many women and children had to walk to Texas or Kentucky. Many were killed in the act of obeying the order, Union and Southern families alike. Many families never returned to Jackson County after the war. Independence artist George Caleb
Bingham captured their misery on canvas (and another copy was painted on a
tablecloth). He later produced an
engraving of the painting and sold signed, numbered copies of “Martial Law.” One of his signed proofs is on display at
the 1859 Jail, Marshal’s Home and Museum. Reproductions
are available for sale. Decades after the war ended in Missouri,
the citizens of Jackson county felt the lingering bitterness and uncertainty
of that great conflict. Out of these
tumultuous times rode Missouri’s most notorious outlaws. Outlaws like the James boys and Youngers
used the remaining animosities from the outrages of the war to stay a step
ahead of the law for nearly twenty years. In the spring of 1882, Jesse
James was murdered. His older
brother, Frank, began negotiations with the Missouri governor to surrender
because he feared assassination. Frank
James spent almost six months in the Jackson County limestone jail. In 1901, a brick jail was added
to the back of the limestone jail to house chain gangs. Chain gangs were used to build roads,
sewers and other tasks assigned them.
They left six days a week at sunrise and returned at sunset. One inmate spent a year on the chain gang
for stealing a cow. You can see the Marshal’s home from Main Street,
but the two-story limestone jail and the 1901 chain gang jail joins the rear
of the home. Take a self-guided tour
of the jail and museum for a first hand look at frontier justice. Tour the beautifully decorated home where
the wife and children of the marshal lived.
Guided tours are available upon request in advance. THE
MARSHAL OR ONE OF OUR DEPUTIES ARE
AVAILABLE SEVEN DAYS A WEEK! Monday—Saturday,
10—4 Sunday 1—4 (April 1
through October 31) Adults $5
Seniors $4.50 Youths 5-15
$2 Children 5 & under FREE Student
Field Trip and Adult Group Tours are also available. Click here for field trip and
student tour information. Click
here for a timeline of the Jail. |
